Euclidean geometry is actually a subset of what is known as projective geometry. In fact, there are two geometries between them: similarity and a ne. To see the relationships between these di erent geometries, consult Figure 1. Projective geometry models well the imaging process of a camera because it allows a much larger class of transformations than just translations and rotations, a class which includes perspective projections. Of course, the drawback is that fewer measures are preserved | certainly not lengths, angles, or parallelism. Projective transformations preserve type (that is, points remain points and lines remain lines), incidence (that is, whether a point lies on a line), and a measure known as the cross ratio, which will be described in section 2.4.

์œ ํด๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‚ฌ์˜๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์œ ํด๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์˜๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™, ์ฆ‰ ๋‹ฎ์Œ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์•„ํ•€๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜๋ผ.

์‚ฌ์˜๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์€ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์˜ ์˜์ƒ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์˜๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ‰ํ–‰์ด๋™๊ณผ ํšŒ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋„“์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™˜์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ ์•ˆ์— ์›๊ทผ ํˆฌ์˜์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์ ์€ ๋ณด์กด๋˜๋Š” ์ธก์ •๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋” ์ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ธธ์ด, ๊ฐ๋„, ํ‰ํ–‰์„ฑ์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ณด์กด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ์˜๋ณ€ํ™˜์€ ์œ ํ˜•, ์ฆ‰ ์ ์€ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ณ  ์ง์„ ์€ ์ง์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด์กดํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์ฆ‰ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ง์„  ์œ„์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กดํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2.4์ ˆ์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๊ต์ฐจ๋น„๋ผ๋Š” ์ธก์ •๋Ÿ‰๋„ ๋ณด์กดํ•œ๋‹ค.